Overwintering Perennials and Shrubs

1. Trimming and Cleaning: Prune away dead or diseased growth to minimize the risk of disease overwintering. Remove fallen leaves and debris that may harbour pests.
2. Mulching: Apply a layer of mulch at the base of plants to insulate the soil and stabilize its temperature. This helps prevent frost heaving.
3. Watering: Ensure adequate soil moisture before it freezes. Deep watering is essential, but avoid overwatering to prevent root rot.
4. Protection for Vulnerable Plants: Consider using frost cloths or burlap to shield more sensitive plants from freezing winds.

1. Pruning: Late fall pruning removes dead or damaged branches, improving air circulation and reducing disease risk.
2. Mulching: Apply a layer of mulch around the base to insulate the root zone. Avoid mulching too close to the main stem to prevent rot.
3. Anti-Desiccant Spray: Some evergreen shrubs susceptible to winter burn may benefit from an anti-desiccant spray to reduce moisture loss through their leaves.

Dealing with Snow

In Fredericton, where heavy snowfall is common during the winter months, managing snow in your garden is essential. While snow can be an ally in protecting your plants, there are some considerations to keep in mind:

Snow as Insulation: As snow accumulates, it acts as a natural insulator, covering the soil and protecting the roots of your perennials and shrubs from extreme cold. This insulation helps maintain stable soil temperatures and prevents frost heaving, which can disrupt plant roots.
Avoid Heavy Snow Accumulation: While snow is beneficial, excessive snow accumulation can be problematic. Heavy snow loads on the branches of shrubs can lead to bending or even breakage. Use a broom or soft tool to gently brush off excess snow from shrubs to prevent damage.
Protecting Evergreens: Evergreen shrubs, in particular, benefit from snow cover as it shields them from drying winter winds. If you have vulnerable evergreens, refrain from pruning them in late summer and fall, as this may encourage new growth that's susceptible to winter damage.

Pest Control

Pest control is a crucial aspect of overwintering your perennials and shrubs. Winter pests such as voles, rabbits, and deer can cause significant damage to your plants during the cold season. Here's how to address this issue:

Physical Barriers: To deter pests, place hardware cloth or fencing around your garden beds. This creates a barrier that makes it challenging for critters to access your plants. Be sure to bury the fencing a few inches underground to prevent digging.
Clean Garden Beds: Before winter arrives, ensure that your garden beds are clear of debris, fallen leaves, and weeds. These can provide shelter and food sources for pests. By maintaining a tidy garden, you reduce the appeal of your garden as a winter home for critters.
Repellents: Consider using natural repellents such as garlic or hot pepper sprays. Apply these deterrents around the garden perimeter or on susceptible plants. Keep in mind that you may need to reapply these repellents periodically, especially after heavy rain or snow.
Traps: For small pests like voles, using live traps or snap traps can be effective. Place these strategically in areas where you've noticed signs of activity, such as tunnels or gnawed plant stems.
Regular Monitoring: During the winter, occasionally inspect your garden for signs of pest damage. Early detection allows for timely intervention.

Late winter and early spring are characterized by fluctuating temperatures, where periods of freezing are interspersed with warmer, thawing days. These variations can have a significant impact on your garden. Here's how to monitor and manage thawing periods effectively:

Check Soil Moisture: As the weather warms, thawing periods can lead to soil moisture loss. It's crucial to periodically check the soil moisture level around your perennials and shrubs. Use your fingers to gauge the soil's moisture content. If the soil feels dry to the touch, it's time to water.
Watering Guidelines: During thawing periods, it's best to water your garden when the soil is not frozen. Water deeply and thoroughly, ensuring that moisture reaches the root zone. Avoid overwatering, which can lead to root rot.
Mulch Inspection: Inspect the mulch around your plants during thawing periods. If it appears compacted or has shifted, take the opportunity to fluff it up and redistribute it evenly. Proper mulching helps maintain stable soil temperatures and retains moisture.
Pest Activity: Keep an eye out for pest activity during thawing periods. Some pests, like voles, may become active during these times. If you notice signs of damage, address it promptly with traps or other appropriate measures.